In-House Treatment Definitions:
Pamphlet Binders: This protects pamphlets and other small books from getting
lost or damaged on the shelf or while circulating. There are two types:
Side-sewn and Center-sewn.
Side-sewn pamphlets are those which consist of loose pages, either held
together by staples, adhesive, or some other system. Center-sewn have one
or more folded sheets of paper, often stapled together, where the thread
can pass through capturing all the pages. Staples are removed before binding
so that they will not rust and damage the paper. Pamphlet binders can also
have pockets to protect folded items such as maps and sheet music which
can accompany some items. Both paperbound books and pamphlets which are
under 1/4" are treated in this manner.
Coptic Bindings: Adhesive bound paper cover
books over 1/4" thick and over 9" tall but less than 2 pounds have their
covers removed and the original adhesive binding is removed by the guillotine.
The fan gluing machine is used to double-fan adhesive bind the volume, which
creates a very flexible and durable binding. The covers are then reinforced
and reattached. The final product looks almost like the original, except
the covers are thicker and the spine springs away when opened, letting the
book lie flat for reading or photocopying. The coptic is an improved version
of the catalog bind.
Reinforced Covers: Paperbound volumes
which are sewn, where the cover may have some artifactual or intellectual
significance to the whole, will have the covers stiffened from the inside.
A piece of blue grey pressboard is attached to the inside of the cover to
prevent the original covers from being torn or bent. A thin piece of tissue
is used to help hold the original cover in place as well.
Cloth Spine Reback (Spine Repair):
This is the most common repair needed on library books. The spine is one
of the most delicate areas of a book. It is not reinforced in any significant
way, yet most people pull a book from the shelf by the spine. This causes
the cloth on either side of the spine to rip. For a spine rebacking, the
damaged cloth is removed and new cloth is added in its place. If possible,
the original spine is replaced on the new, so to preserve the title on the
spine of the volume.
Hinge Repairs: If the spine
is not repaired in a timely fashion, the covers will be the next part of
the book to fall apart. If the covers of a volume are loose, a piece of
flannel cloth is attached to the spine of the textblock (the pages of the
book) and then the covers are attached to this cloth. Then a reback is normally
performed, actually making the book stronger than it was originally. This
repair cannot be seen, since the flannel is attached underneath the endsheets.
For this reason, it is also called an "internal hinge."
Leather Bindings: Leather bound books present certain difficulties for
the conservator. Leather, although one of the strongest binding materials
available, can disintegrate over time if not properly cared for. Also, it
is a very expensive and time consuming material to work with. Many libraries,
Dartmouth included, are electing not to repair leather bound items with
new leather. Rather, thin Japanese tissues, dyed to the color of the leather,
are used to reattach the covers. Over time with normal usage patterns, these
tissue repairs can actually outlast a comparable repair done in leather.
Protective Enclosures: For older, more fragile volumes, where repair is
not necessary or not possible at the present time, a box can be constructed
to hold the item. The box can be very elaborate (such as for presentation
volumes in a special collections library) or very simple and plain looking
(for general stacks volumes or when the enclosure will be used for a set
period of time when a proper repair can be conducted, such as for items
on reserve). Examples include clamshell boxes (or traycases), phaseboxes,
matchboxes, and temporary tyvek four-flap enclosures, in order from most
complex to easiest to make.
Portfolios: Books consisting of loose items, such as a music score, can
be placed in a four-flap portfolio to keep all the parts together. Each
item is labeled to keep it from becoming separated from the rest.
Commercial Bind Treatment Definitions:
Commercial Bind Monographs
Preservation Services prepares items for commercial binding by examining
the leaf attachment or original method of binding. Staff input spine information
into a vendor provided database (ABLE) and that information is sent along
with the volumes to our commercial binder, Acme Bookbinding on a bi-weekly
basis. Once at Acme, the following procedures are followed depending on
the option selected by Preservation staff or bibliographers.
Adhesive bound: The commercial binder trims the inner edge to remove the
old glue and free the pages, fans the pages to allow glue to penetrate further
into the edge for better adhesion, and binds the volume with boards and
cloth.
Sewn Binding: The commercial binder retains the sewing and adds boards
and cloth covering.
Copy Cover: The covers of softbound books under 9" tall are removed by
the commercial binder and color photocopied on special paper. The book is
then bound into the photocopied cover, thus retaining the original appearance
of the book.
Pocketbook: Maps, music parts, and similar material may be enclosed in
a pocketbook (a buckram covered portfolio).
Theses: Theses for our collection and for the graduate are bound in Dartmouth
green with gold lettering. Only theses completed for a Dartmouth degree
may be bound.
Phase Box: Material too brittle to be repaired or rebound may be enclosed
in a box for protection.
Rebind: Hardbound books which have split into two or more pieces are rebound.
Commercial Bind Serials
Preservation Services prepares materials for commercial binding by checking
to see that no issues or pages are missing and the issues are in correct
order for binding. Staff input the spine information into a vendor provided
database (ABLE) and send that information along with the volumes to our
commercial binder, Acme Bookbinding, on a bi-weekly basis. Once at Acme,
the following proceedures are carried out, depending upon the option selected
by Preservation staff or bibliographers.
Custom Collation: Covers &/or ads at front and back of each issue are removed;
custom placement of title page contents, index, and supplements; issues
checked for correct sequence Leaf attachment: bindery selects or reviews
the method of leaf attachment, either sewing through-the-fold by machine
or hand, double-fan adhesive with spine notching, or oversewing. Cover material:
Group F buckram (Heavy, thick covering).
Standard: This option is often chosen for very heavy, very thick, or high
use pieces.
Collation: issues checked for correct sequence (library responsible for
all other collation activities) Leaf attachment: Acme selects or reviews
the method of leaf attachment, either sewing through-the-fold by machine
or hand, double-fan adhesive with spine notching, or oversewing. Cover material:
Group F buckram (Heavy, thick covering).
Budget Collation: no collation, volume is bound as received (library responsible
for all collation activities) Leaf attachment: double-fan adhesive with
spine notching Cover material: C-grade book cloth (Light-weight cloth).
Lumbind: Generally selected as a temporary binding when issues are missing
but may be added later and/or the volume is expected to receive very light
use. Collation: no collation, volume is bound as received (library responsible
for all collation activities) Leaf attachment: double-fan adhesive - no
spine notching Cover material: C-grade book cloth (lightweight cloth).
Questions? - Contact Maxine
Cameron (6-0539) or Wendy Wolfe
(6-2483).
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